Reflections
- From The Martyr, by Herman Melville, after the death of Lincoln
There is sobbing of the strong,
And a pall upon the land;
But the People in their weeping
Bare the iron hand:
Beware the People weeping
When they bare the iron hand
- September 1, 1939, a poem by W.H. Auden, where he contemplates the invasion of Poland by Hitler and the reaction by the world and himself. It has been cited by many as appropriate to the happenings of 9-11-01 for contemplation as well.
- All men dream, but not equally. Those who dream by night in the dusty recesses of their minds wake in the day to find that it was vanity:
but the dreamers of the day are dangerous men, for they may act their dream with open eyes, to make it possible.
- T. E. Lawrence from "The Seven Pillars of Wisdom"
- Unfortunately we have to make war as we must and not as we should like to.
- Lord Kitchener
- We believe in the judgement day.
- Taliban leader interviewed in Beneath the Veil
Commentary [links reflect no official endorsement]
General Information Sources
- Terrorism Today - bibliography of sources, from Air University Library
- Terrorism: The Threat and Post 9/11 Trends - bibliography of sources, from Air University Library
- Library Web Sites on Terrorism and Homeland Security, university special resources, from the American Library Association
- America's War Against Terrorism, U. of Mich. Library
- Attack on America: Osama bin Laden, the Taliban and Terrorism, Joyner Library, East Carolina University
- Society - Issues - Terrorism, links by the Google web directory
- Society - Issues - Terrorism, links by the open directory project
- Terrorism and Counter-terrorism resources listed by the Project on Defense Alternatives (PDA)
- GlobalSecurity.org, think tank with a variety of postings, especially having to do with the technologies and intelligence gathering of the war
- Terrorism page, at FAS, including post 9-11-01 stuff
- Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
- Terrorism Research Center
- ERRI Counter-Terrorism Archive
- terrorismfiles.org, War on Terrorism, the latest news, and profiles of terrorists and their organisations
- CDI's Terrorism Project, Center for Defense Information, "will look at all aspects of fighting terrorism, from near-term issues of response and defense, to long-term questions about how the United States should shape its future international security strategy"
- International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism, based in Israel
- South Asia Terrorism Portal, a project of the Institute for Conflict Management
News, Media, & Links
- Seminar on Coverage of the War on Terrorism, co-sponsored by the Brookings Institution, posted by DoD on 16 Nov 01
- See CDC section for Anthrax info, including what to do if you get an package with mysterious powder in it
- See DoD for military, State Dept for diplomatic, and DoJ and FBI for most wanted and investigative news
- maps in the news - - Air University Library links and U. of Texas and big bunch
- Secretary Rumsfeld Interview with Al Jezeera
- News Sampling - U.S. ... AP ... Reuters
- News Sampling - World ... AP ... Reuters ... Arab-English translation, just pop in URL or text
- Journal of Homeland Security, by ANSER
- STRATFOR Crisis Center
- Evidence made available by the UK government regarding 9-11-01 (local copy)
- RefDesk - First Things First, online media and wire services
- Google Current Events links
- See also News sources on Public Affairs Forum page
- terrorismfiles.org, War on Terrorism, the latest news, and profiles of terrorists and their organisations
- Emergency Response to Chemical/Biological Terrorist Incidents, by Emergency Response and Research Institute, a "Lesson on Line"
- Terrorism/Counter-Terrorism Page, articles and news, by Emergency Response and Research Institute
- Terrorism, Anarchy, and Hate Groups on the Web
- Terrorist and Insurgent Organizations, bibliography, Air University Library
- The Counter-Terrorism Page
- Oklahoma City Bombing
- The Terrorism Research Center, with Top News Stories
- Emergency and Relief Information in Wake of Terrorist Attack On U.S. including list of missing and lost in the Pentagon
- Terrorism page, at FAS, including post 9-11-01 stuff
- U.S. warned in 1995 of plot to hijack planes, attack buildings
- Bruce Willis versus Bin Laden, article in Al-Ahram Weekly Online,
"In a world where image means everything, and can be transmitted instantly to any part of the globe, the idea of religion as moderation has been lost in the smoke and the lights of both Hollywood glamour and the seedy training camps of Afghanistan."
- Media March to War, from FAIR (Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting)
- Taleban home page, may not be available, went offline shortly after the attacks, after it was hacked
- The Plight of the Afghan Woman, resources and links posted by Afghanistan Online
-
Afghan Weather
Islam is not the Enemy
- The Koran, at U. of Mich.
- The Koran, at U. of Va.
- See also Islamic Law section on Law page
- Islam bibliography, by Air University Library, includes online and in-print references and resources
- Islam in the United States
- Muslim Life in America
- Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR)
- 100 Questions and Answers About Arab Americans, A Journalist's Guide, from Detroit Free Press
- The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) "set up by the Kings and Heads of State and Government of Islamic States, in 1969"
- 11 Oct 01, Secretary General of OIC strongly condemning the terrorist attacks that caused the death of a great number of innocent people
(local copy of full text) ... excerpt below
The Secretary-General stated that those acts are diametrically opposed to the religion and teachings of Islam, which proscribe the unjust taking of a human life and stress the sanctity of human life. Moreover, those acts are in clear contradiction with innumerable resolutions adopted by the Organization of the Islamic Conference which condemn terrorism in all its forms and manifestations and are also in contradiction with the Code of Conduct on Combating International Terrorism and the OIC 1998 Convention on Combating Terrorism, which makes it crystal clear that Islam repudiates and denounces terrorism and exhorts the Member States to "refrain from assisting or supporting terrorists in any way, shape or form, including the harboring of terrorists and granting them financial help or other forms of assistance."
- Resolution No. 54/25-P On the Follow-Up of the Code of Conduct for Combating International Terrorism, 25th Session of the Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers, March 1998 (local copy)
- Resolution No. 55/25-P On the Strengthening of Islamic Solidarity in Combating Hijacking, 25th Session of the Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers, March 1998 (local copy)
- Islamic Contributions to Science and Math
- Muslim directory online
- Globalization and Muslim Societies, videos from the Library of Congress on issues about women, law, minorities, etc.
- Attacks are an "injustice, oppression and tyranny" - The Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia -- "It is obligatory upon the Scholars of the Muslim Ummah that they explain the truth concerning the likes of these affairs (i.e. terrorist attacks) and that they make clear to the world at large that the Shari'ah of Allaah and the religion of Islam does not sanction these types of actions, ever."
- Ain-Al-Yaqeen, weekly Arab political magazine, "The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Fahd Ibn Abdul Aziz reiterated the Kingdom's categorical rejection and strong denunciation of terrorism. The Kingdom's constitution, based on the Holy Quran and the Sunnah (teachings of the Prophet) PBUH, forbids the killing of innocents and attack of civilians."
- US Attacks a Terrible Crime in Islam - The Chief Justice of the Supreme Judiciary Council of Saudi Arabia
- An Afghan-American speaks "When you think Taliban, think Nazis. When you think bin Laden, think Hitler. And when you think "the people of Afghanistan," think "the Jews in the concentration camps." It's not only that the Afghan people had nothing to do with this atrocity. They were the first victims of the perpetrators." -- "We're flirting with a world war between Islam and the West. And guess what: that's Bin Laden's program. That's exactly what he wants. That's why he did this."
Reference Images and Maps
- See DoD for images of military operations and briefing slides
- Afghan maps, posted by GlobalSecurity.org, including military, terrorist, ethnic, and terrain features
- Afghanistan terrain map
- maps in the news - Air University Library links
- Afghan refugee map, from CNN
- Dec 1999 images of one of bin Laden's camps, showing tunnel entrances, weapons, paths, access routes, etc.
- CIA World Factbook, map and info on each country
- The Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection, U. of Texas -- this opening page usually has current event maps and diagrams pertaining to events in the news, such as maps of attacks against the Taliban and al-Qaida
- more maps of attacks against the Taliban and al-Qaida
- Maps of the World,U. of Texas at Austin
Making the Case, re: 9-11-01 and other terrorist events
The Threat
- See also State Dept and DoJ-FBI sections
- Terrorist Threat Integration Center (TTIC), established May 1, 2003
- Threats and Protection, Department of Homeland Security - includes current Threat Advisory level
- Worldwide Threat 2004: Challenges in a Changing Global Context (local copy),
testimony of Director of Central Intelligence George J. Tenet
- Success in the War on Terrorism (local copy), 24 Feb 04
testimony of Director of FBI, Robert S. Mueller, III
- Current and Projected National Security Threats to the United States (local copy), 24 Feb 04
testimony of Director of Defense Intelligence Agency, Vice Admiral Lowell E. Jacoby
- Threat from Al-Qaeda, Bioterrorism, WMD/CBRNE attack, and others
- National Threat Assessment Center (NTAC), Secret Service
- DOE’s Nuclear Threat Assessment Program
- Missile Threats (local copy)
- Center for Infectious Disease Research & Policy (CIDRAP), U. of Minn., includes bioterrorism daily watch and agro-terrorism stuff
- Issue Brief: Vulnerability of U.S. Nuclear Power Plants to Terrorist Attack and Internal Sabotage, by PSR
- Terrorism page, at FAS, including post 9-11-01 stuff
- Rogue Leader Profiles, briefing by Dr Jerrold Post at CPC November 2000 Conference -- includes psychology of the various terrorist groups and which type groups are likely to use which modes of attack
- RAND reports on terrorism
- CDI's Terrorism Project, Center for Defense Information, "will look at all aspects of fighting terrorism, from near-term issues of response and defense, to long-term questions about how the United States should shape its future international security strategy"
- Oklahoma City National Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT), with reports, laws, definitions, and links
- Biological and Chemical Terrorism: Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response (local copy, PDF file), summary of recommendations of the CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup in year 2000 report Preparedness and Response to Biological and Chemical Terrorism: A Strategic Plan
- National Terrorism Preparedness Institute (NTPI), "founded in May of 1998 as a result of the Nunn-Lugar-Domenici Act with the intent of providing Emergency Response to Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism Training to first responders nationwide."
- Terrorism and Intelligence Operations: Potential Impact on the U.S. Economy, statement by Dr. Kenneth Alibek to Congressional committee
- Combating Terrorism: Issues to Be Resolved to Improve Counterterrorism Operations, GAO/NSIAD-99-135, May 13, 1999. (local copy, PDF file)
- The Continuing Threat from Weapons of Mass Destruction, Statement for the Record by Dr. Gordon C. Oehler, Director, Nonproliferation Center to the Senate Armed Services Committee, 27 March 1996
- An Unlikely Threat, by Tucker and Sands, in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, July/Aug '99, contending the threat is generally overestimated
- The Threat of Bioterrorism, by Carus, for Strategic Forum
- A Case Study on the Aum Shinrikyo, Senate Subcommittee Investigation, Oct 31, 1995 -- as posted by the FAS
- General Accounting Office (GAO) Reports on Terrorism, as posted by FAS, including how foreign countries are organized to fight terrorism
- The Counter-Terrorism Page
- Oklahoma City Bombing
Osama bin Laden
- Osama bin Laden - 'Null and void', UPI June 2001, "Any fatwa (Islamic holy decree) issued by Osama Bin Laden, America's most wanted alleged terrorist, declaring "jihad," or holy war, against the United States and ordering Muslims to kill Americans is "null and void," according to Taliban's supreme leader. "
"Bin Laden is not entitled to issue fatwas as he did not complete the mandatory 12 years of Koranic studies to qualify for the position of mufti," said Mullah Mohammad Omar Akhund, known to every Afghan as amir-ul-mumineen (supreme leader of the faithful).
- FBI Ten Most Wanted - Usama bin Laden
- Hunting bin Laden, PBS special
- "Bin Laden: Architect of New Global Terrorism," 16 Sep 2001, Washington Post - Evolving Movement Combines Old Theology and Modern Technology in Mission Without Borders -- good summary of points related to WTC bombing and other efforts
- WMD Terrorism and Usama bin Laden, Center for Nonproliferation Studies
- Summary/Review of Reports Concerning Threats by Osama Bin Laden to Conduct Terrorist Operations Against the United States and/or her Allies - 23 Feb 98 to 16 Jun 98 (includes original February "fatwa")
- Al-Qa'ida, as detailed by the Encyclopedia of the Orient
-
al-Qa'ida (The Base)
Maktab al-Khidamat (MAK - Services Office)
International Islamic Front for Jihad Against the Jews and Crusaders
Usama Ibn Ladin / Osama bin Laden, from FAS site
- The Education of a Holy Warrior, addressing the Haqqania madrasa
Buds and Associates of Osama bin Laden
- Al-Qaida in Action and Learning: A Systems Approach by Chuck Lutes, Doctoral Fellow, George Washington University - "This paper examines al-Qaida as a learning organization and its ability to survive and conduct further terrorist acts despite a sustained global campaign by the United States."
[NOTE: The above paper is posted here for educational purposes, with the permission of the author. All content is solely the responsibility of the author and does not reflect any endorsement or validation by the U.S. Air Force, DoD, or any U.S. government agency.]
- DoJ posted copy of Al Qaeda training manual
- See Treasury section for consolidated (9/24 and 10/12) asset-freezing list of terrorists and organizations, with aka and other details
- Most Wanted Terrorist List
- White House Fact Sheet: The List of Most Wanted Terrorists (local copy)
- CNS profile of Al-Qaida, including a breakout of membership by nationality and some details of resources of the organization
- Bin Laden's Network: Terror Conspiracy or Loose Alliance?, Washington Post article examining complexity of the connecting links, listing the indictees
- Records search by U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 26 Sep 01, looking for assets of 27 individuals and groups connected with 9-11-01 attack -- listing the individuals and groups
- Hijacker names and photos released
- Muhammad Atef, "Muhammad Atef is alleged to be Usama Bin Laden's second in command of the terrorist organization, Al-Qaeda"
- Ayman Al-Zawahiri, "Ayman Al Zawahiri is a physician and the founder of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad. This organization opposes the secular Egyptian Government and seeks its overthrow through violent means. Al Zawahiri is believed to now serve as an advisor and doctor to Usama Bin Laden and is currently thought to be in Afghanistan."
From Jane's -- "The Saudi renegade's reputed deputy, Ayman Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri, a lifelong Egyptian radical who many believe is the real brains behind the loose-knit network of Islamic militants, is also a prime suspect. It may be that the USA would find it prudent to go after al-Zawahiri first if it wants to eliminate the enemy it has identified. Indeed, the genesis of what the USA thinks it is coming to grips with may well lie more in Egypt than in Saudi Arabia." -- Full article from Jane's.
- FBI list of most wanted terrorists, with photos of the fugitives -- click on each photo to view details on that individual
- Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders, World Islamic Front Statement, 23 Feb 98
- Al-Qa'ida, as detailed by the Encyclopedia of the Orient
-
al-Qa'ida (The Base)
Maktab al-Khidamat (MAK - Services Office)
International Islamic Front for Jihad Against the Jews and Crusaders
Usama Ibn Ladin / Osama bin Laden, from FAS site
Other Perpetrators
- See also Osama bin Laden above, and his buds
- Most Wanted Terrorist List
- White House Fact Sheet: The List of Most Wanted Terrorists (local copy)
- A Global Terror Group Primer (local copy), 14 Feb 2002, American Forces Information Service
- CRS Report for Congress -- Terrorism: Near Eastern Groups and State Sponsors, 2001 -- September 10, 2001 -- local copy
- Terrorist and Insurgent Organizations, bibliography, Air University Library
- Liberation Movements, Terrorist Organizations,
Substance Cartels, and Other Para-State Entities , list from FAS
- Terrorism, Anarchy, and Hate Groups on the Web
- Rogue Leader Profiles, briefing by Dr Jerrold Post at CPC November 2000 Conference -- includes psychology of the various terrorist groups and which type groups are likely to use which modes of attack
- Rational Fanatics, in Foreign Policy -- "What makes suicide bombers tick? While most of the world sees them as lone zealots, they are, in fact, pawns of large terrorist networks that wage calculated psychological warfare. Contrary to popular belief, suicide bombers can be stopped-but only if governments pay more attention to their methods and motivations."
Follow the Money
- See also Whitehouse section for declarations.
- See also Treasury and SEC sections for actions, updates, and lists of assets to be frozen.
- From "Secretive Money-Moving System Scrutinized for bin Laden Funds," International Herald Tribune, especially the use of the informal banking system known as hawala, the Arabic word for trust -- excerpt below
In hawala, sums large and small are sent halfway around the world on a handshake and a code word. Records of transactions are kept only until the deal is completed, then they are destroyed, said hawala traders in Quetta.The operation is deceptively simple, especially because no cash moves across a border or through an electronic transfer system, the places where authorities are most likely to spot the transaction or maintain a record of it.
- International Drug Control Cooperation -- drug policy document discusses movement of monies, including following
Illegal-drug profits are laundered via traditional bank or non-bank financial institutions. However, a significant amount of illicit funds are laundered via non-traditional financial systems or methods. The black market peso exchange is one of the most popular mechanisms used to repatriated drug proceeds to Colombia. In this laundering method, Colombian drug organizations sell drug-related U.S. currency to Colombian black market peso exchangers who, in turn, place the currency into U.S. bank accounts. The"hawala" or "hundi" remittance systems, which operate parallel to "western" banking systems, are prevalent in Pakistan, India, and South Asia. As with the black market peso exchange, the value of the money is transferred without the currency itself ever being moved. The system operates on trust and functions using a network of hawala brokers around the world. Hawala has been seen as a component of various money laundering schemes associated with a variety of predicate offenses in U.S. cases.
- President Clinton's August 1998 freezing of assets of Usama bin Ladin and two individuals, Abu Hafs al-Masri and Rifa'i Ahmad Taha Musa, and the Islamic Army and its various pseudonyms (including al-Qaida)
- Why It's So Hard for US to Pick Terrorists' Pockets discussing problems cracking the stealth world of finance
- Osama bin Laden: Marketing Terrorism, examination of financial aspects, from the International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism (be aware this site is based in Israel)
Encrypted Terror
Psychology and Ethics of Terrorism
- See also Terrorists on the International Rivals page
- Al Qaeda’s Fantasy Ideology, by Harris, in Policy Review, August 2002
- "Rather than interpreting 9-11 as if it were a Clausewitzian act of war, Bush instinctively saw it for what it was: the acting out of demented fantasy. When confronted with the enigma of 9-11 he was able to avoid the temptation of trying to interpret it in terms of our own familiar categories and traditions."
- Markkula Center for Applied Ethics, Santa Clara University
- Should We Invade Iraq?, by Perry
- Modeling decision-making and behavior. Local copies of following copyrighted papers are provided here courtesy of the authors. More of their papers may be found at http://www.seas.upenn.edu:8080/~barryg/HBMR.html (which appears to be blocked for many .mil users ... don't know why)
- Rogue Leader Profiles, briefing by Dr Jerrold Post at CPC November 2000 Conference -- includes psychology of the various terrorist groups and which type groups are likely to use which modes of attack
- Rational Fanatics, HTML reprint, in Foreign Policy -- "What makes suicide bombers tick? While most of the world sees them as lone zealots, they are, in fact, pawns of large terrorist networks that wage calculated psychological warfare. Contrary to popular belief, suicide bombers can be stopped-but only if governments pay more attention to their methods and motivations."
- Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence, U. of Calif. Press
Making a Terrorist
- See also Terrorists on the International Rivals page
- Al Qaeda's Fantasy Ideology, by Harris, in Policy Review
- The Evolution of Islamic Terrorism: an Overview, by Moore, for PBS
- Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism - Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why? (local copy), report by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
- Cultivated Terror: Holy Warriors Are Made, Not Born, ABC interview with a senior Muslim academic
- "Roots of Rage" by Beyer - from Time, October 01, 2001
- Inside Jihad U. - The Education of a Holy Warrior, addressing the Haqqania madrasa
- Bosnia ... IFOR Soldiers Raid Alleged "Terrorist Training School"; Iranians Seized
- 'My Time Has Come' Says the diary of a suicide soldier in war-torn Kashmir, article in AsiaWeek.com
- Translation: 'The How-to Book of Terrorism', NY Times article from April 2001, discussing How-To book believed used by bin Laden gang
- The Modern Terrorist Mindset: Tactics, targets and technologies, by Hoffman, Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence
Resisting Terrorism and Coping with Effects
- See also Education on Terrorism
- Report Terrorist Activity
- Downloadable Air Force and Joint resources on terrorism and self-protection, from SOC -- check mid page
- OVC Handbook for Coping After Terrorism - A Guide to Healing and Recovery, from the Justice Department's Office for Victims of Crime
- Individual's Guide for Understanding and Surviving Terrorism, USMC publication (local copy)
- Human Behavior and WMD Crisis / Risk Communication Workshop, March 2001 report from DTRA, FBI, and US Joint Forces Command (local copy)
- Coping with a National Tragedy, American Psychiatric Association, coping resources for helping children, students, care providers, etc.
- New Study Offers Insight to Why Many are Having Trouble with Concentration and Normalcy after Terrorist Attack, summary by American Psychological Association
- Psychological Effects of Chemical and Biological (CB) Terrorism: Lessons from the Past -- paper presented at the World Congress on Chemical and Biological Terrorism, April 2001 -- includes discussion of trauma effects on the targeted population
- National Mental Health Association
- Anxiety Disorders Association of America (ADAA)
- Disaster Mental Health: Dealing with the Aftereffects of Terrorism, National Center for PTSD
- Coping with a National Tragedy, National Association of School Psychologists
- Terrorism and Children, Purdue U.
- Terrorism and Children, National Center for PTSD, includes symptoms of trauma in various age groups -- and good links to other material
- Public education materials to help kids cope with terrorism, American Psychological Association
- Disasters and Terrorism, American Psychological Association
- See Terror Management Theory (TMT) references
Education on Terrorism
- National Terrorism Preparedness Institute (NTPI), "founded in May of 1998 as a result of the Nunn-Lugar-Domenici Act with the intent of providing Emergency Response to Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism Training to first responders nationwide."
- Course on Homeland Security, elective at National War College, available online, including readings -- includes sections on asymmetric warfare, terrorism, biological weapons, cyber weapons, missile defense, law enforcement, intelligence, and current initiatives
- Terrorism Training Program, Va. Dept. of Emergency Management
- Emergency Response to Terrorism: Self-Study, from the National Fire Academy -- with Online Exam
- Translation: 'The How-to Book of Terrorism', NY Times article from April 2001, discussing How-To book believed used by bin Laden gang
Definitions
- US Code: Title 18, Sec. 2332b. Acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries -- with prohibited acts, jurisdiction, proof requirements, penalties, and investigative authority
- International and Domestic Terrorism - FBI definitions
- Terrorism is defined as violent or criminal acts against a civilian population for the purpose of coercion, and promoting a political cause or agenda. When those crimes occur within the United States, and are perpetrated by an individual or group associated with a domestic cause, they are defined as domestic terrorism. When they are perpetrated by an individual or group from outside the U.S., then it is defined as international terrorism. Also, beginning 1986 it has been a violation of federal law for any group or individual to commit an act of terrorism against U.S. interests or U.S. citizens even in a foreign country.
- Joint Publication 1-02 DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
- Air Force Doctrine Document 1-2, Air Force Glossary
- air and space superiority. That degree of dominance in the air and space battle of one force over another which permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, air and space forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force.
Guidance, Laws, and Treaties
- See Guidance section on Homeland Security site
- See Military Commissions and Laws of War sections on Military Law page
- See Military Assisting Civilian Authorities guidance on Homeland Security page
- See also UN and NATO and White House sections
- See Terrorism Treaties, listed by State Department
- See Terrorism Law and Policy, US and International, at JURIST site
- Library of Congress
- Terrorism: Section by Section Analysis of the USA PATRIOT Act (Local Copy), 62 page overview in a Congressional Research Service report, 10 Dec 2001 - includes (section 104) expansion of exception to Posse Comitatus Act
- Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (local copy)
- Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989 (local copy)
- Terrorism Legislation and Executive Orders, as listed by the National Security Institute
- 2001 Army Judge Advocate Officer Advanced Course Deskbook
- Chapter 45 - Domestic Support Operations (local copy, 175 kb) - laws, guidance, and application of same
- Chapter 49 - Combating Terrorism (local copy, 240 kb) - U.S. and international laws, treaties, history, etc.
- Chapter 50 - Information Operations (local copy, 560 kb) - policy, guidance, international issues, etc.
- Treasury Department summary of
- U.S. Policy on Combating Terrorism, unclassified abstract of Presidential Decision Directive (PDD) 39 - posted at FAS site
- Fact Sheet: Combating Terrorism: PDD 62, local copy
- CONPLAN--U.S. Government Interagency Domestic Terrorism Concept of Operations Plan, Jan 2001 (local copy)
- Terrorism Incident Annex to the Federal Response Plan (FRP), local copy, with emphasis on crisis management and consequence management, used to implement Presidential Decision Directive 39 (PDD-39), mentions PDD-39's designation of Dept of Justice (delegated to FBI) as lead agency for countering terrorism, with FEMA as the lead agency for consequence management
- US Code: Title 18, Chapter 113b - Terrorism
- US Code: Title 18, Chapter 204 - Rewards for Information Concerning Terrorist Acts and Espionage
- US Code: Title 18, Sec. 2332b. Acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries -- with prohibited acts, jurisdiction, proof requirements, penalties, and investigative authority
- US Code: Title 18, Sec. 1385. Use of Army and Air Force as posse comitatus
- Major Multilateral Terrorism Conventions, posted by U.S. Information Agency
- UN Resolution 52/164 International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings
- UN Resolution 41/65, Principles relating to remote sensing of the Earth from space, 3 December 1986, including Principle XII regarding rights of "sensed State" to access the data
- International Human Rights Instruments, posted by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR)
- Department of Defense Plan for Integrating National Guard and Reserve Component Support for Response to Attacks Using Weapons of Mass Destruction, Prepared by the DoD Tiger Team, January, 1998
White House
- White House home page
- Homeland Security Advisory System (color codes) (local copy)
- Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism (local copy), 13 Nov 2001 military order by the President, including the clause about trial by military tribunals
- America Responds to Terrorism, summary of news on the recovery, diplomatic, financial, military, and law enforcement fronts
- Operation Enduring Freedom Overview, results for 14-30 Sep 2001 -- including international contributions and actions by all US government agencies and departments (local copy)
- Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People, includes creation of the the Office of Homeland Security (local copy)
- Declaration of National Emergency (local copy)
- President Establishes Office of Homeland Security, summary (local copy)
- White House Fact Sheet on New Counter-Terrorism and CyberSpace Positions (local copy)
- National Director & Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism - General Wayne Downing (U.S. Army Ret.)
- Special Advisor to the President for Cyberspace Security - Richard Clarke
- Executive Order on Terrorist Financing, listing the first 27 individuals and groups targeted to have assets frozen (local copy)
- see Treasury section below for the next 39, added on Oct 12
- White House Fact Sheet: The List of Most Wanted Terrorists (local copy)
Congress
DoJ & FBI
- See DoJ and FBI section on Homeland Security site
- Success in The War on Terrorism (local copy), 24 Feb 2004 Senate Intelligence Committee testimony by Robert S. Mueller, III, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation
- War on Terrorism (local copy), 11 Feb 2003 Senate Intelligence Committee testimony by Robert S. Mueller, III, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation
- Department of Justice home page
- Report Terrorist Activity
- FBI Advisory on Suspicious Mail (local copy)
- Most Wanted Terrorist List
- White House Fact Sheet: The List of Most Wanted Terrorists (local copy)
- FBI
- FBI home page
- FBI Tactical Support Branch, including the Hostage Rescue Team
- FBI, Counterterrorism Division
- FBI Anthrax Links
- Hijacker names and photos released
- International and Domestic Terrorism - FBI definitions
- Terrorism is defined as violent or criminal acts against a civilian population for the purpose of coercion, and promoting a political cause or agenda. When those crimes occur within the United States, and are perpetrated by an individual or group associated with a domestic cause, they are defined as domestic terrorism. When they are perpetrated by an individual or group from outside the U.S., then it is defined as international terrorism. Also, beginning 1986 it has been a violation of federal law for any group or individual to commit an act of terrorism against U.S. interests or U.S. citizens even in a foreign country.
- Office for Domestic Preparedness (ODP), formerly known as Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support (OSLDPS)
- CONPLAN--U.S. Government Interagency Domestic Terrorism Concept of Operations Plan, Jan 2001 (local copy)
- Terrorism section of FBI online library
- Terrorism in the United States, 1999, report from the FBI (local copy) includes discussion of past 30 years of terrorism
- Terrorism in the United States, 1998, report from the FBI (local copy) includes discussion of WMD and protecting U.S. military installations
- Terrorism in the United States, 1997, report from the FBI (local copy) includes section on WMD hoaxes
- Terrorism in the United States, 1996, report from the FBI (local copy)
- Terrorism in the United States, 1995, report from the FBI, including faces and groups profiled (local copy)
- FBI Counterterrorism Responsibilities, from 1995 FBI report (local copy)
State Dept
U.S. Treasury
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
CIA
FEMA
CDC and Anthrax Info
- CDC home page
- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)
- Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) "established in 1951 following the start of the Korean War as an early warning system against biological warfare and man-made epidemics."
- The Prospect of Domestic Bioterrorism, including table showing previous targeting of government buildings and media outlets, and use of envelopes for distribution
- Anthrax
- Anthrax and Bioterrorism resources, listed by HealthFinder.gov
- Biological Weapons Resources Center, from American Society for Microbiology, includes items for labs, health officials, and us common folk
- FBI Advisory on Suspicious Mail (local copy)
- How to Handle Anthrax and Other Biological Agent Threats, 12 Oct 2001 CDC Health Advisory (local copy, PDF) (local copy, HTML)
- Questions and Answers about Anthrax Prevention and Treatment, 10 Oct 2001 HHS news (local copy)
- What To Do If You Receive An Anthrax Threat, US Postal Service
- What To Do With Suspicious Mail, US Postal Service
- Anthrax news and updates, CDC
- Anthrax facts and general info, CDC
- Guidance on Anthrax, World Health Org.
- World Anthrax Data Site, a service of the World Health Organization Collaborating Center (WHOCC)
- See also Anthrax section on Military Medicine page
- CDC's Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Program
- National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID), CDC
- CDC's Strategic National Stockpile
- Biological and Chemical Terrorism: Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response, from Centers for Disease Control
- Local copy (HTML file) (PDF file), summary of recommendations of the CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup in year 2000 report Preparedness and Response to Biological and Chemical Terrorism: A Strategic Plan
- Health Related Hoaxes and Rumors, CDC
DoD
- See DoD section on Homeland Security site
- See ANG Conflict 21 website
- Joint Publication 3-26, Homeland Security
- This publication provides joint doctrine to guide the Armed Forces in the conduct of homeland
security operations. It describes the homeland security framework, mission areas, missions and
related supporting operations and enabling activities. It also discusses legal authorities; joint
force, multinational, and interagency relationships; command and control; planning and execution;
and training and resource considerations.
- Chapter 3 - Combatting Terrorism, from Army FM 7-98, Operations in a Low-Intensity Conflict (LIC) -- including definitions, strategies, terrorist objectives, antiterrorism, and combating terrorism in LIC
- HDR leaflet dropped over Afghanistan, local copy, from press release on 26 Oct 2001
- Secretary Rumsfeld Interview with Al Jezeera
- Military buys exclusive rights to commercial satellite's pictures of war zone, Oct 16, 2001 Associated Press, by Lumpkin
WASHINGTON - The U.S. military is paying for the exclusive rights to commercial satellite imagery of Afghanistan even though its own satellites are thought to take far better pictures. The move could serve two purposes: to provide an extra eye on Afghanistan, and to prevent anyone else from peeking at the war zone.
- DoD News and DoD home page
- Attack on America: Taking Care of Our Own, including reports on casualties and relief resources for victims and survivors
- National Guard WMD Civil Support Teams (WMD-CSTs), list of all of them
- Factsheet: WMD Civil Support Teams (WMD-CSTs)
(local copy of printable version)
- Northern Warfare Training Center (NWTC), previously called Arctic School, Arctic Indoctrination School, and Cold Weather and Mountain School
- Guide to Bunker Busters, from BBC
- Navy Factsheets
- Air Force Factsheets
C-17
U-2S
AWACS
|
B-1B
B-2
B-52
|
F-16
F-15E
GBU-15
|
JDAM
Pave Hawk (helo)
Pave Low (helo)
|
AC-130 Gunship
RC-135 Rivet Joint
E-8C Joint STARS
|
RQ-1 Predator
Commando Solo
|
- Military Space Factsheets
- Satellites Play Crucial Roles in Air and Ground Battles, summary from Space.com
- Army Field Manual FM 34-81-1 Battlefield Weather Effects
- Marines to Stand Up Anti-Terror Brigade, American Forces Press Service, WASHINGTON, Oct. 4, 2001
- Weapons of Mass Destruction Response Team Locations Announced
- JP 3-07.2, Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (JTTP) for Antiterrorism, 17 March 1998 ---(local copy)
- Army Doctrine and Training Digital Library, some is military-only, but much is usable and accessible for civilian as well as military emergency and day-to-day needs
- Reduce Your Vulnerabilities to Terrorism Acts/Attacks
- Reduce Personnel & Equipment Vulnerabilities to Terrorism Acts/Attacks
- Terrorism: How Vulnerable Is the United States?, from Army's Strategic Studies Institute
- Consequence Management: Domestic Response to Weapons of Mass Destruction, from Parameters, Autumn '97
- Deeply Buried Facilities Implications for Military Operations by Sepp, for Air University Center for Strategy and Technology
- Joint Electronic Library
- Joint Publication 1-02 DoD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
- Air Force Doctrine Document 1-2, Air Force Glossary
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Department of Transportation (DOT)
EPA
DHHS
U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
Voice of America
State and Local Resources
United Nations
NATO
- NATO and the Scourge of Terrorism -- news, declarations, etc.
- The North Atlantic Treaty aka the Washington Treaty
- Article 5 of the Washington Treaty
The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area.
Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security.
Response
- See ANG Conflict 21 website
- America Responds, PBS
- CONPLAN--U.S. Government Interagency Domestic Terrorism Concept of Operations Plan, Jan 2001 (local copy)
- National Guard WMD Civil Support Teams (WMD-CSTs), list of all of them
- Response to Terrorism, Dept of State, information and news on the latest US and international actions related to the current crisis -- includes presidential documents, UN actions, actions by allies, updates on the FBI efforts, etc. in multiple languages
- Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Response Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (also known as the Gilmore Commission), including their Dec 2000 report Toward a National Strategy for Combating Terrorism
- Biological and Chemical Terrorism: Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response (local copy, PDF file), summary of recommendations of the CDC Strategic Planning Workgroup in year 2000 report Preparedness and Response to Biological and Chemical Terrorism: A Strategic Plan
- Strikes on Terrorist-Related Facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan, August 20, 1998, info/links including Sec Albright and White House
- We Are Ready to Act Again, by Sec Cohen, indicating U.S. strikes in Afghanistan and Sudan are indicators of "the long-term, fundamental way in which the United States intends to combat the forces of terror"
- Response to Terrorism, U.S. Information Agency (USIA)
- RAND reports on terrorism
- Emergency Response to Terrorism: Self-Study, from National Fire Academy
- Terrorism Incident Annex to the Federal Response Plan (FRP), local copy, with emphasis on crisis management and consequence management, used to implement Presidential Decision Directive 39 (PDD-39), mentions PDD-39's designation as Dept of Justice (delegated to FBI) as lead agency for countering terrorism, with FEMA as the agency for consequence management
- Consequence Management: Domestic Response to Weapons of Mass Destruction, from Parameters, Autumn '97
International
- See News section
- Inter-American Committee Against Terrorism (CICTE), Organization of American States (OAS)
- BBC country-by-country analysis of where each country stands regarding plans/conduct of Afghan war and peace to follow
- Media sources worldwide
- See also News sources on Public Affairs Forum page
- CIA World Factbook, map and info on each country
- Interpol
- Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, State Dept
- Response to Terrorism, U.S. Dept of State, International Information Programs
- Major Multilateral Terrorism Conventions, posted by U.S. Information Agency
- UN Resolution 52/164 International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings
- UK - The Terrorism Act of 2000, UK-wide anti-terrorism legislation, in force as of 19 Feb 2001 -- includes new definition, seizure powers, detention details, etc.
- UK - Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act 1998
- Terrorism and the Threat from Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East, by Cordesman
- General Accounting Office (GAO) Reports on Terrorism, as posted by FAS, including how foreign countries are organized to fight terrorism
- Special Operations.Com Guide to International Special Operations and Counterterrorist Forces
- International Counterterrorist and Hostage Rescue Operations, posted by Special Operations.Com
- Profiles of Counterterrorism Organizations/Units, from the Terrorism Research Center
- Bijzondere Bijstands Eenheid - BBE, elite counterterrorist unit of the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps
- Forsvarets Spesialkommando, Norwegian unit, trains for counterterrorist actions mainly against oil rigs
- Grenzschutzgruppe 9 (GSG-9), German counterterrorist unit
- Oman's Cobras, formally known as the Sultan's Special Forces (SSF)
- Sayeret Mat'kal, also known as General Staff Reconnaissance Unit 269, is the unit most people are referring to when discussing the Israeli war against terrorism
- SEAL Team Six, "Naval Special Warfare Development Group, formerly known as SEAL Team SIX and based in Dam Neck, Virginia, is responsible for U.S. counterterrorist operations in the maritime environment"
- SAS, "British Special Air Service (SAS) is perhaps the best known special operations group in existence today"
- Tactical Assault Group, Special Air Service Regiment (SASR)
, the Australian SAS
- Worldwide Counter-Terrorism Groups
- National Police of Peru
- Future Roles of Air and Space Power in Combatting Terrorism, ACSC paper, 1997
- Terrorist Vulnerability: Failure of Policy?, ACSC paper, 1997
- Terrorist and Insurgent Organizations, bibliography, Air University Library
- Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence
- UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Agro-Terrorism
Technology
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